A work-in-progress

This is the beginning of a "translation" from 17th century English into a more modern idiom of a work by Gervaise Markham titled Calvarese, or The English Horseman, published in 1607.

Friday, October 31, 2008

Table of Contents

The Table of the first Book.
Chapters.
1 OF the breeding of Horses, and first touching the choice of grounds, their uses and separations.
2 Of horse's and mares, and of their divers kinds.
3 Of the mixture of races, for which purpose each is best, and for the breeders commodity.
4 Of the choice of Stallions and Mares, the knowledge of their age by divers observations, and of their shapes.
5 How and at what time of the year horse's and Mares should engender: signs of a Mares desire, how many Mares for one Stallion, and how long he shall continue with them.
6 Of covering Mares in the house, the dieting of the Stallion, the time of the day for the act, and how to know when she has conceived.
7 That Mares may be made to conceive either horse-foals or Mare-foals at pleasure, and of what color.
8 If Mares should be forced to take the Horse, and how to move lust in horse and Mare, and how to abate it.
9 Which Mares should be covered, which not, & which shall not go barren.
10 The use of Mares when they are with foal, and of the casting of Foals.
11 Help for a mare that is in danger in foaling & other secrets.
12 How to make a Mare cast her foal.
13 The use of mares when they have foaled: of the sucking of foals and other help.
14 The knowledge of a Horse's shape, and how it is to be known when he is new foaled.
15 How horse-foals and Mare-foals grow, and how to know the continuance of their goodness.
16 Of the weaning of Colts, of their ordering, and separating according to their ages.
17 Of the gelding of Colts and Horses, the cause, the age, the time of the year, and manner.
18 When, and at what age to take up Colts for the Saddle, and of the first use and haltering.
19 Of the cutting of Colts' mouths or tongues, and of the drawing of ties to help the bit lie in its true place.
20 Of the separating of bad colts and mares from the good, and which shall maintain the race still.

The Table of the second Book.
Chapters.
1 OF the natures & dispositions of horse's: how they are to be known by the colors of the horses, & other special marks.
2 The use and benefit of the Chain, Caveson, Headstall, Musrole and Martingale.
3 How to make a colt gentle, how to bring him to the block, and of the first bridle and Saddle.
4 Of help and corrections, and of the uses and several kinds thereof.
5 How to correct a horse that bears his head or neck awry, and of all vices belonging to the head.
6 How to correct a horse that does overreach or strike one foot upon another.
7 How to correct the evil motions in a horse, which are shown by the carriage of his head or ears, or other outward signs.
8 Corrections against restiveness, and the several kinds thereof.
9 How to correct a horse that runs away, and the cause of such evil.
10 How to correct a horse that will rear upright, or come over with his rider.
11 How to correct a horse that will lie down in the water as he passes through.
12 How to correct a horse that is skittish and fearful and finds many boggards.
13 How to correct a horse that is dull of spirit, and slovenly in his trot.
14 Of the treading of the large rings, and their use.
15 Of stopping, retiring, advancing, and the uses.
16 Of yarking behind, and the use.
17 Of turning upon both hands, and the several kinds of turns.
18 Of managing, and the several kinds.
19 Of the passing of a Carrier.
20 When and how to bit horses, and to make the head constant.
21 Of bounding aloft, and the manner thereof.
22 Of the Corvet, Capriole, gallop galliard, and of going sidelong.
23 Of running at the ring, and the use of the Lance.
24 Of the teaching of young scholars, and the riding of a ridden horse to the best show.

The Table of the third Book.
Chapters.
1 OF hunting horses in general, and of their chases.
2 The choosing of the hunting horse, & of his shape.
3 At what age horse's should hunt, of their first taking from grass, and of their housing.
4 Of the first fortnight's diet, exercising, and dressing.
5 Of the airing of hunting horses.
6 The second fortnight's diet, and first hunting.
7 Of hunting bread, both ordinary (as for training of horse's) and extraordinary for matches.
8 Of all manner of purgations or scourings that are fit for hunting horses, and of their natures.
9 The third fortnight's diet, and of sweating.
10 Why horse's should have their sweats after the dogs, and of their clothing.
11 Of making a hunting match, the observations and advantages.
12 The dieting of a hunting horse for a match.
13 Of the riding of a match, and of the advantages in riding.
14 The Trier's office and the advantages he must observe.
51 The office of the Groom, and help in rubbing of hunting horses.

The Table of the forth Book.
Chapters.
1 OF ambling in general, and of the use & commodity.
2 Why foals amble from their dams, and how to make them amble if they do not.
3 How to teach a horse to amble by the help of a new plowed field, and the faults therein.
4 Of making a horse amble from his gallop, or by over-riding,
5 How to make horse's amble by use of weight.
6 Of making a horse amble out of hand.
7 Of making horse's to amble with the help of the hand only.
8 Of making horse's to amble by the help of shows only.
9 Of teaching horse's to amble by the use of the trammel.

The Table of the fifth Book.
Chapters.
1 How a stable shall be made, the seat and commodities.
2 Of a travelling horse's meat, and the several kinds and uses.
3 Of the several kinds of waters, which is best, and which is worst.
4 Of the dressing, combing, and currying of horses, and of their diet in the time of rest.
5 Of a horse's labor or exercise, and how he shall be ordered when he is journeyed.
6 Of sleeping, waking, fullness and emptiness.
7 Of the soil or scouring horses with grass, and of other food:.
8 Of the passions which are in horses, & the love which keepers should bear for them.
9 The office of the Coachman, and observations for his place.

The Table for the sixth Book.
Chapters.
1 OF running horses in general and their choice.
2 How running horses shall be first trained up and of their diet.
3 Of the making of a match, and the observations.
4 Of the several kinds of airings, and foods belonging to a running horse.
5 Of the several kinds of sweats, and of their uses,
6 Of the ordering and dieting a running horse for match or wager.
7 Observations to be used and inconveniences which happen during the dieting of running horses.
8 Certain help and rules for the rider, and How he shall run his match to the best advantage.
9 The office of the Saddler, & the shapes of his best commodities.
10 The office of the Smith touching the shoeing of horses.

The Table of the seventh Book.
Chapters.
1 OF the composition of horses, and the quality of the things they are compounded of.
2 Of the Sinues Veins, and Bones of a horse.
3 Of a horse's urine, and of his excrement.
4 Of letting of horse's blood, the time, the cause & signs.
5 Of sickness in general.
6 Of fevers and the divers kinds thereof.
7 Of the pestilence or gargle.
8 Of the inward diseases of the head, and first of the headache.
9 Of the frenzy or madness in horses.
10 Of the sleeping evil or lethargy.
11 Of a horse that is taken.
12 Of the staggers.
13 Of the falling-evil or falling-sickness.
14 Of the Apoplexy or Palsy.
15 Of the Witch or night mare.
16 Of cramps or convulsion of sinews.
17 Of the pose or cold in the head.
18 Of diseases in the eyes, & first of warts eyes
19 Of bloodshot eyes.
20 Of dimness of sight, pin, web, pearls, or spots.
21 Of the Haw.
22 Of the lunatic or moon eyes.
23 Of the canker, ulcer, or fistula in the eye.
24 Of diseases belonging to the ears, & first of low ears or hanging ears.
25 Of the impostume in the ear.
26 Of the poll evil.
27 Of the Viues.
28 Of the cankerous ulcer in the nose:
29 Of bleeding at the nose:
30 Of diseases in the mouth, & first of the bloody riftes:
31 Of the bladders.
32 Of the lampas .
33 Of the canker in the mouth.
34 Of heat in the mouth.
35 Of the tongue being hurt with the bit.
36 Of the paps.
37 Of the pain in the teeth, and of the wolves .
38 Of the crick in the neck.
39 Of wens in the neck.
40 Of swelling in the neck after blood-letting.
41 Of stanching of blood, whether it come by blood letting or by any wound received.
42 Of the falling of the crest.
43 Of Mange or scabs within the mane.
44 Of shedding the hair from the main or tail.
45 Of the swelling of the withers, either by pinching, or galling with an ill Saddle.
46 Of the impostumations in a horses withers.
47 Of hard horns, knobs, or sit-fasts growing under the Saddle.
48 Of the navel Gall.
49 Of the swaying of the back.
50 Of the weakness in the back.
51 Of hide bound.
52 Of the strangle.
53 Of the cough.
54 Of the inward and wet cough.
55 Of the frenzied, broken, & rotten lungs.
56 Of the putrefied or rotten lungs.
57 Of the shortness of breath or pursiness .
58 Of a consumption, and the several kinds.
59 Of grief at the breast.
60 Of the Anticor .
61 Of tired horses.
62 Of diseases under the midriff.
63 Of the loathing of meat.
64 Of casting out drink.
65 Of surfaits.
66 Of the hungry evil.
67 Of the diseases os the liver.
68 Of the consumption of the liver.
69 Of diseases in the Gall.
70 Of diseases in the Spleen.
71 Of the yellows. 72 Of the Dropsy.
73 Of the diseases in the Guts.
74 Of costiveness or belly bound,
75 Of loosens.
76 Of the bloody flux.
77 Of the bots or worms,
78 Of pain in the kidneys.
79 Of pissing blood.
80 Of the colt evil.
81 Of the mating of the yard.
82 Of the shedding of seed.
83 Of the falling of the yard,
84 Of the swelling of the cods or stones.
85 Of incording or bursting.
86 Of the botch in the groins.
87 Of the itch or mange in the tail.
88 Of pinching, splating, or wrenching the shoulder.
89 Of the swelling of the legs after labor.
90 Of foundering in the legs,
91 Of the splent or Serewe,
92 Of the Mallendr or Sallender
93 Of an over-reach: or attaint upon the sinew of the shank,
94 Of an over-reach upon the heel.
95 Of halting either before or behind.
96 Of being hipped.
97 Of being stis ed.
98 Of the bone spavin.
99 Of the blood spavin.
100 Of the Curb.
101 Of the pains.
102 Of kibbed heels.
103 Of wind galls.
104 Os wrenching the neither joint
105 Of the shakell gall.
106 Of the Scratches.
107 Of the Ring-bone,108 Of the crown scab.
109 Of hurts upon the cornet of the hoofs.
110 Of the quitter-bone
111 Of gravelling,
112 Of sarbatting.
113 Of a prick in the sole of the foot.
114 Of retreat.
115 Of Cloying.
116 Of loosening the hoof.
117 Of casting the hoof.
118 Of hoof bound.
119 Of the running thrush.
120 Of the leprosy.
121 Of the Farcion.
122 Of the Canker.
123 Of the Fistula.
124 Of an Anbury.
125 Of wounds.
126 Of bruising or swellings.
127 Of sinews cut or pricked.
128 Of wounds made with gun shot.
129 Of burning with lime.
130 Of the biting of a mad Dog.
131 Of being shrew run.
132 Of the warble or felter worm.
133 Of being stung with adder or Snakes.
134 Of eating Hens dung.
135 How to kill lice.
136 To keep horse's from the stinging of flies.
137 The cure of broken bones.
138 Of the taking up of ueans.
139 Of Glisters.
140 Of purgations.
141 Of cauterizing, and the uses.
142 Certain special recipes for special purposes.

The Table of the eight Book.
Chapters.
1 OF Horse coursers in general.
2 The observations Horse-coursers use in the choice of horses, and the deceits they use in covering their saults.
3 Of the discovery and prevention of the Horse coursers deceits.
4 Of the excellency of Horses understandings.
5 How a horse maybe taught to do any trick done by Banks his Horse.
6 Of drawing dry-foot, and the aptness of Horses thereunto.
The end of the Table.